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The orchid genus ''Disa'' consists of 169 terrestrial orchid species in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Yemen and Réunion.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 ''Disa bracteata'' is naturalized in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."〔(Weeds Australia, Weed Identification, African weed-orchid, ''Disa bracteata'' )〕 Some species of Disa are cultivated as ornamentals, most notably the species ''Disa uniflora'', a spectacular red orchid also known as "The Pride of Table Mountain."〔(Plantzafrica, ''Disa uniflora'' Bergius )〕 They were named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend, by the botanist Carl Peter Thunberg. The plants grow from a fleshy tuberous root which is mostly used for the artificial sweetener maltodextrins and may attain a height of 90 cm. The flowers grow in racemes or solitary. The petals and the lip are small. The flowers consist essentially of the sepals. The flowers are colored in the whole range of red. Each species of ''Disa'' usually has a single species as pollinator. The evolution in ''Disa'' has gone a different way. ''Disa'' has used nearly all major pollinating insects. Furthermore, unrelated clades have evolved more than once into rather similar pollination systems : * flowers pollinated by butterflies have evolved twice, for example the pollination of ''Disa uniflora'' by the Table mountain Pride Butterfly ''Aeropetes tulbaghia'' (Satyrinae)〔Johnson, S.D., Linder, H.P. and Steiner, K.E. (1998). Phylogeny and radiation of pollination systems in ''Disa'' (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 85, 402-411,〕 * flowers with conspicuous deception, pollinated by carpenter bees, have evolved twice. * long-spurred flowers, pollinated by long-tongued flies, have evolved four times. * night-scented flowers, pollinated by moths, have evolved three times. This shows that a few pollinators in a region can force plant into diversification through repeated forward floral shifts. Some ''Disa'' species are pollinated by sunbirds and have pollinaria that stick to the feet of the sunbirds when the perch on the inflorescence. Once very rare in cultivation, ''Disa uniflora'' is gaining in popularity as a cut flower. However, they are difficult to grow, because of the needed mineralogical composition of the potting soil. Also, as most species grow in very wet environments, they can be easily killed by rot in cultivation. ==Species== Species currently (May 2014) recognized:〔 * ''Disa aconitoides'' (Ethiopia to S. Africa) * * ''Disa aconitoides'' subsp. ''aconitoides'' (Ethiopia to S. Africa). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa aconitoides'' subsp. ''concinna'' (Congo to S. Trop. Africa). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa aconitoides'' subsp. ''goetzeana'' (Ethiopia to Tanzania). Tuber geophyte * ''Disa aequiloba'' (SW. Tanzania to Angola). * ''Disa alinae'' (Congo). * ''Disa alticola'' (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal). * ''Disa amoena'' ( Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal). * ''Disa andringitrana'' (SE. & S. Madagascar). * ''Disa aperta'' (SW. & S. Tanzania to Zambia). * ''Disa arida'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa aristata'' (S. Africa, Northern Prov.). * ''Disa atricapilla'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa atrorubens'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa aurata'' (South Africa, Cape Prov. (Swellendam). * ''Disa barbata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa basutorum'' (S. Africa (Drakensberg). * ''Disa baurii'' (Tanzania to S. Africa). * ''Disa begleyi'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa bivalvata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa bodkinii'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa bolusiana'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa borbonica'' (Réunion). * ''Disa brachyceras'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa bracteata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.; naturalised in Australia) * ''Disa brevicornis'' (S. Trop. & S. Africa). * ''Disa brevipetala'' (South Africa,SW. Cape Prov. (Kleinmond area). * ''Disa buchenaviana'' (C. & SE. Madagascar). * ''Disa caffra'' (Southern Congo to S. Africa, Madagascar). * ''Disa cardinalis'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov. (Riversdale). * ''Disa caulescens'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa cedarbergensis'' (South Africa, Cape Prov. (Cedarberg). * ''Disa celata'' (S. Tanzania to Angola). * ''Disa cephalotes'' (S. Africa). * * ''Disa cephalotes'' subsp. ''cephalotes'' (S. Africa). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa cephalotes'' subsp. ''frigida'' (Lesotho to KwaZulu-Natal). Tuber geophyte * ''Disa cernua'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa chimanimaniensis'' (S. Trop. Africa (Chimanimani Mts.). * ''Disa chrysostachya'' (S. Africa) * ''Disa clavicornis'' (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal). * ''Disa cochlearis'' (South Africa, Cape Prov. (Elandsberg). * ''Disa comosa'' (South Africa,SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa conferta'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa cooperi'' (S. Africa). * ''Disa cornuta'' (Zimbabwe to S. Africa). * ''Disa crassicornis'' (S. Africa). * ''Disa cryptantha'' (Ethiopia, S. Tanzania to Zambia). * ''Disa cylindrica'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa danielae'' (S. Congo). * ''Disa densiflora'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa dichroa'' (S. Conngo to Zambia). * ''Disa dracomontana'' (S. Africa (C. Drakensberg). * ''Disa draconis'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa ecalcarata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov. (Constantiaberg). * ''Disa elegans'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa eminii'' (Rwanda to Zambia). * ''Disa engleriana'' (Tanzania to Zambia) * ''Disa equestris'' (Trop. Africa) * ''Disa erubescens'' (Trop. Africa) * * ''Disa erubescens'' subsp. ''carsonii'' (Tanzania to Zambia). * * ''Disa erubescens'' subsp. ''erubescens'' (Trop. Africa) Tuber geophyte * ''Disa esterhuyseniae'' (South Africa, WSW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa extinctoria'' (South Africa; Northern Prov., Swaziland). * ''Disa fasciata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa ferruginea'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa filicornis'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa forcipata'' (South Africa, Cape Prov. (?). * ''Disa forficaria'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa fragrans'' (Ethiopia to S. Africa * * ''Disa fragrans'' subsp. ''deckenii'' (NE. & E. Trop. Africa to Congo). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa fragrans'' subsp. ''fragrans'' (Tanzania to S. Africa).. Tuber geophyte * ''Disa galpinii'' (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. To KwaZulu-Natal). * ''Disa gladioliflora'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.). * * ''Disa gladioliflora'' subsp. ''capricornis'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa gladioliflora'' subsp. ''gladioliflora'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * ''Disa glandulosa'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa graminifolia'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa hallackii'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa harveyana'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * * ''Disa harveyana'' subsp. ''harveyana'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa harveyana'' subsp. ''longicalcarata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). Tuber geophyte * ''Disa helenae'' (Zambia). * ''Disa hians'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa hircicornis'' (Trop. & S. Africa). * ''Disa incarnata'' (C. & SE. Madagascar). * ''Disa intermedia'' (South Africa, Swaziland) . * ''Disa introrsa'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov. (Skurweberge. * ''Disa karooica'' (South Africa, NW. & C. Cape Prov. * ''Disa katangensis'' (S. Congo to Angola) . * ''Disa linderiana'' (South Africa, W. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa lineata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa lisowskii'' (Congo). * ''Disa longicornu'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa longifolia'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa longilabris'' (SW. Tanzania to N. Malawi). * ''Disa lugens'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * * ''Disa lugens'' var. ''lugens'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa lugens'' var. ''nigrescens'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov. (Oyster Bay). Tuber geophyte * ''Disa macrostachya'' (South Africa W. Cape Prov. (Rooiberg) * ''Disa maculata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa marlothii'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov. * ''Disa micropetala'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa miniata'' (SW. Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa minor'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov). * ''Disa montana'' (South Africa, E. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa multifida'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa neglecta'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov. (Worcester). * ''Disa nervosa'' (S. Africa) * ''Disa newdigatae'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov. (Knysna area). * ''Disa nigerica'' (Nigeria to Congo). * ''Disa nivea'' (S. Africa (S. Drakensberg). * ''Disa nubigena'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov. (Devils Peak). * ''Disa nyikensis'' (Malawi to Zambia). * ''Disa obtusa'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * * ''Disa obtusa'' subsp. ''hottentotica'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa obtusa'' subsp. ''obtusa'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa obtusa'' subsp. ''picta'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov Tuber geophyte * ''Disa ocellata'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa ochrostachya'' (Cameroon to Tanzania and S. Trop. Africa) * ''Disa oligantha'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa ophrydea'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa oreophila'' (S. Africa) . * * ''Disa oreophila'' subsp. ''erecta'' (South Africa, S. Africa (Drakensberg). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa oreophila'' subsp. ''oreophila'' (S. Africa. Tuber geophyte * ''Disa ornithantha'' (SW. Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa ovalifolia'' (South Africa, WSW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa patula'' (Zimbabwe to S. Africa). * * ''Disa patula'' var. ''patula'' (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal). Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa patula'' var. ''transvaalensis'' (Zimbabwe to S. Africa). Tuber geophyte * ''Disa perplexa'' (Nigeria, E. & S. Trop. Africa) . * ''Disa physodes'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa pillansii'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa polygonoides'' (Mozambique to S. Africa) * ''Disa porrecta'' (S. Africa). * ''Disa praecox'' (S. Trop. Africa (Nyika Plateau). * ''Disa pulchella'' (Ethiopia, Yemen). * ''Disa pulchra'' (S. Africa). * ''Disa purpurascens'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa pygmaea'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa racemosa'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa renziana'' (Congo). * ''Disa reticulata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa rhodantha'' (Zimbabwe to S. Africa). * ''Disa richardiana'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa robusta'' (EC. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa roeperocharoides'' (S. Congo to Zambia). * ''Disa rosea'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa rufescens'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa rungweensis'' (SW. Tanzania to Malawi). * ''Disa sabulosa'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa sagittalis'' (South Africa, S. & SE. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal). * ''Disa salteri'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov). * ''Disa sanguinea'' (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to S .KwaZulu-Natal) * ''Disa sankeyi'' ( S. Africa). * ''Disa satyriopsis'' (Tanzania to Zambia) * ''Disa saxicola'' (Tanzania to S. Africa). * ''Disa schizodioides'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa schlechteriana'' (South Africa, SSW. Cape Prov. (Langeberg). * ''Disa scullyi'' (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal). * ''Disa scutellifera'' (NE. & E. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa similis'' (S. Trop. & S. Africa). * ''Disa spathulata'' (South Africa, Cape Prov.) * * ''Disa spathulata'' subsp. ''spathulata'' (South Africa, Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa spathulata'' subsp. ''tripartita'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * ''Disa stachyoides'' (S. Africa) * ''Disa stairsii'' (NE. Congo to E. Trop. Africa) * ''Disa stricta'' (S. Africa). * ''Disa subtenuicornis'' (South Africa, Cape Prov. (Riversdale. * ''Disa telipogonis'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa tenella'' (South Africa, Cape Prov.) * * ''Disa tenella'' subsp. ''pusilla'' (South Africa, W. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * * ''Disa tenella'' subsp. ''tenella'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte * ''Disa tenuicornis'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa tenuifolia'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa tenuis'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa thodei'' (S. Africa, Eastern Cape to Drakensberg). * ''Disa triloba'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov). * ''Disa tripetaloides'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal). * ''Disa tysonii'' (South Africa, S. & E. Cape Prov. to Leshoto). * ''Disa ukingensis'' (S. Tanzania to E. Zambia). * ''Disa uncinata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa uniflora'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa vaginata'' (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa vasselotii'' (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa venosa'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) * ''Disa venusta'' (South Africa, SW. & E. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa verdickii'' (S. Congo to Angola). * ''Disa versicolor'' (S. Trop. & S. Africa). * ''Disa virginalis'' (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.). * ''Disa walleri'' (Burundi to S. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa walteri'' (SW. Tanzania). * ''Disa welwitschii'' (Trop. & S. Africa). * * ''Disa welwitschii'' subsp. ''occultans'' (Trop. Africa) * * ''Disa welwitschii'' subsp. ''welwitschii'' (Trop. & S. Africa) Tuber geophyte * ''Disa woodii'' (Zimbabwe to S. Africa). * ''Disa zimbabweensis'' (S. Trop. Africa to Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal). * ''Disa zombica'' (Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa). * ''Disa zuluensis'' (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal, KwaZulu-Natal). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Disa (orchid)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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